{"id":2951,"date":"2025-12-15T12:36:42","date_gmt":"2025-12-15T11:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/senzor.sk\/uncategorized\/what-is-legionella-pneumophila-and-how-does-it-spread-in-water-systems\/"},"modified":"2026-02-11T02:30:45","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T01:30:45","slug":"what-is-legionella-pneumophila-and-how-does-it-spread-in-water-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/senzor.sk\/en\/general\/what-is-legionella-pneumophila-and-how-does-it-spread-in-water-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Legionella pneumophila and how does it spread in water systems"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:calc( 1520px + 10px );margin-left: calc(-10px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-10px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:5px;--awb-spacing-left-small:5px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-right:0px;--awb-margin-left:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">What is Legionella pneumophila<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p><strong>Legionella pneumophila is a bacterium<\/strong> that naturally occurs in water (e.g., lakes, rivers), mostly in low concentrations, but <strong>in man-made water systems<\/strong>, it can multiply significantly and subsequently cause illness \u2013 especially <strong>Legionnaires&#8217; disease<\/strong> (a severe form of pneumonia) and sometimes the milder &#8220;Pontiac fever&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Crucially, Legionella often &#8220;hides&#8221; and survives in systems:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>in biofilm (a slimy layer of microorganisms on the walls of pipes and equipment),<\/li>\n<li>in free-living protozoa, where it can multiply.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:40px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:5px;--awb-spacing-left-small:5px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-right:0px;--awb-margin-left:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">When it thrives in water systems<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p>Legionella multiplies best at &#8220;lukewarm&#8221; temperatures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>typically in the range of approximately 20\u201350 \u00b0C (optimum around 35 \u00b0C),<\/li>\n<li>practically, the most critical range is 25\u201345 \u00b0C \u2013 temperatures that are relatively common in buildings (mixed water, insufficiently heated hot water, overheating of cold water in distribution systems).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Growth and persistence are primarily supported by:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>water stagnation (dead legs, rarely used outlets),<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;water age&#8221; (water standing in the system for a long time),<\/li>\n<li>sediment and limescale,<\/li>\n<li>low disinfectant residual (where it should be present),<\/li>\n<li>biofilm and suitable conditions in pipes and equipment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:40px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:5px;--awb-spacing-left-small:5px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-right:0px;--awb-margin-left:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">How it spreads: the transmission mechanism in brief<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p><strong>Legionella is typically not transmitted by drinking water, but by inhaling tiny droplets (aerosol)<\/strong> that contain the bacteria. It does not commonly spread from person to person. The most common &#8220;chain&#8221; of spread in water systems is as follows:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>System Colonization<\/strong><br \/>\n&#8211; the bacteria enters the building (e.g., from the external water supply network or the environment) and attaches to areas where biofilm forms.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Amplification (Overgrowth)<br \/>\n<\/strong>&#8211; if conditions are met (temperature, stagnation, biofilm, sediment), the concentration in certain sections increases.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aerosolization (Formation of tiny droplets)<br \/>\n<\/strong>&#8211; during the operation of certain equipment or systems, micro-droplets of water are formed and released into the air.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Human Exposure<br \/>\n<\/strong>&#8211; a person inhales the aerosol (or, exceptionally, water aspiration into the respiratory tract occurs \u2013 more commonly in healthcare facilities).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:5px;--awb-spacing-left-small:5px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1070\" src=\"https:\/\/senzor.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Legionella-ako-jej-predchadzat.webp\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/senzor.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Legionella-ako-jej-predchadzat.webp\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-2953\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271600%27%20height%3D%271070%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201600%201070%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271600%27%20height%3D%271070%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/senzor.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Legionella-ako-jej-predchadzat-200x134.webp 200w, https:\/\/senzor.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Legionella-ako-jej-predchadzat-400x268.webp 400w, https:\/\/senzor.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Legionella-ako-jej-predchadzat-600x401.webp 600w, https:\/\/senzor.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Legionella-ako-jej-predchadzat-800x535.webp 800w, https:\/\/senzor.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Legionella-ako-jej-predchadzat-1200x803.webp 1200w, https:\/\/senzor.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Legionella-ako-jej-predchadzat.webp 1600w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 724px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:40px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5px;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:5px;--awb-spacing-left-small:5px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-right:0px;--awb-margin-left:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">How to prevent Legionella in buildings (temperatures, flushing, maintenance, monitoring)<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p>Legionella typically overgrows in buildings when there is lukewarm water, biofilm, and time (stagnation). Therefore, prevention rests on 4 pillars: <strong>correct temperature, minimal stagnation, regular maintenance, and parameter control<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:20px;--awb-margin-right:0px;--awb-margin-left:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Temperature regime: keep water out of the bacteria&#8217;s &#8220;comfort zone&#8221;<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p>Most commonly recommended temperature control in domestic hot water (DHW)\/cold water distribution systems:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hot Water (DHW):<\/strong> store at <strong>\u2265 60 \u00b0C<\/strong>, distribute so that it reaches the outlet at <strong>at least 50 \u00b0C<\/strong> (in some stricter operations, e.g., healthcare, <strong>55 \u00b0C at the outlet<\/strong> within a specified time is also stated).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cold Water:<\/strong> maintain <strong>&lt; 20 \u00b0C<\/strong> (practically, it&#8217;s a problem when cold water in the building &#8220;heats up&#8221; in shafts and long distribution lines).<\/li>\n<li>Legionella multiplies best at approximately <strong>25\u201345 \u00b0C<\/strong> \u2013 precisely where water is found with poor circulation, long branches, or in rarely used sections.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Safety note: high temperatures increase the risk of scalding, which is why in practice, a hot distribution system is often combined with outlet safety measures (e.g., appropriate mixing\/thermostatic elements depending on the type of operation). This is addressed by the designer and operator as part of the building&#8217;s operational regime.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:20px;--awb-margin-right:0px;--awb-margin-left:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/senzor.sk\/en\/about-us\/hygienic-flush\/\">Hygienic Flushing<\/a>: stagnation is the most common trigger of the problem<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><p>Even with good heating temperatures, Legionella can persist in:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;dead legs&#8221; (blind branches),<\/li>\n<li>rarely used outlets (guest restrooms, seasonal areas, warehouse facilities),<\/li>\n<li>long pipes with low flow.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Therefore, <strong>regular flushing<\/strong> and managing &#8220;water age&#8221; (the age of water) are important. For example, the CDC recommends for low-flow branches and dead legs <strong>at least weekly flushing<\/strong> as a practical measure (the specific frequency depends on the risk and the facility).<br \/>\nHSE also emphasizes that <strong>rarely used outlets should be flushed regularly<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Flushing is most effective where aerosol is actually generated<\/strong> (showers) and where there is long-term low usage (selected faucets, urinals, toilets in peripheral parts of the building).<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-7 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:20px;--awb-margin-right:0px;--awb-margin-left:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/senzor.sk\/en\/about-us\/thermal-disinfection\/\">Thermal Disinfection<\/a>: when a system &#8220;reset&#8221; is needed<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><p>As an intervention (or periodic) measure, <strong>thermal disinfection<\/strong> is also used \u2013 flushing the system with high-temperature water under strict safety rules.<\/p>\n<p>Example from guidance: <strong>flushing outlets with water \u2265 70 \u00b0C for at least 5 minutes<\/strong>, or <strong>\u2265 60 \u00b0C for at least 10 minutes, if 70 \u00b0C<\/strong> is not achievable, with emphasis on preventing scalding and controlling access to outlets during the intervention.<\/p>\n<p>In practice, this always falls under the responsibility of a designated person\/service, especially in public facilities.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-8 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:20px;--awb-margin-right:0px;--awb-margin-left:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Senzor company also has products in its portfolio that support hygienic flushing and disinfection functions.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><article class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-overflow:hidden;--awb-bg-position:center center;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5px;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:5px;--awb-spacing-left-small:5px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper lazyload fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column fusion-column-has-bg-image\" data-bg-url=\"https:\/\/senzor.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/preplach.jpg\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/senzor.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/preplach.jpg\"><div class=\"sector-col\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:15px;--awb-max-width:56px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"56\" height=\"56\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%2756%27%20height%3D%2756%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2056%2056%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%2756%27%20height%3D%2756%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/senzor.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/dezinfekcia-ikona.svg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-2733\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"col-flex-row\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-9 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-right:0px;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;--awb-margin-left:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:0px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-margin-top-medium:0px;--awb-margin-right-medium:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-medium:0px;--awb-margin-left-medium:0px;--awb-link-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-link-hover-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-font-size:24px;\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"font-family:&quot;Inter&quot;;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;margin:0;font-size:1em;line-height:115%;\"><a href=\"\/en\/about-us\/hygienic-flush\/\" class=\"awb-custom-text-color awb-custom-text-hover-color\" target=\"_self\"><p>Hygienic<br \/>\nflushing<\/p><\/a><\/h3><\/div><a class=\"custom-button style-2\" href=\"\/en\/about-us\/hygienic-flush\/\" target=\"_self\" style=\"margin:0; padding:2px 2px 2px 20px; gap:10px;\" aria-label=\"View\" title=\"View\"><p class=\"custom-button-text\" style=\"font-size:16px; font-weight:600;\">View<\/p><span style=\"min-width:40px;min-height:40px;\"><img class=\"lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-orig-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/modra-sipka-hore-doprava.svg\" alt=\"View\" \/><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/article><article class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-overflow:hidden;--awb-bg-position:center center;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-filter:brightness(120%);--awb-filter-transition:filter 0.3s ease;--awb-filter-hover:brightness(120%);--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:5px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:10px;--awb-spacing-left-large:5px;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:5px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:5px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:5px;--awb-spacing-left-small:5px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper lazyload fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column fusion-column-has-bg-image\" data-bg-url=\"https:\/\/senzor.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/termicka-dezinfekcia-mobil.jpg\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/senzor.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/termicka-dezinfekcia-mobil.jpg\"><div class=\"sector-col\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-margin-bottom:15px;--awb-max-width:56px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"55\" height=\"55\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%2755%27%20height%3D%2755%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2055%2055%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%2755%27%20height%3D%2755%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/senzor.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/bakteria.svg\" alt class=\"lazyload 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